I used to believe that tree stakes were simply a product that came along with planting a tree, sort of like training wheels for trees. But what I have found out is that is not the purpose of using tree stakes. Understanding when to remove the support from a tree can be very important for some homeowners. Too much support can hinder the natural development of a healthy tree.
Tree staking is generally only temporary. Often, less support is beneficial to the overall strength of the tree over time.
Why do we stake young trees?
Young trees tend to have either small or unstable root systems in comparison to the size of the plant material (canopy) above ground. Transplanting trees disrupts the connection of the roots to the soil. Roots must then spread and stabilize themselves before the tree can begin to establish itself naturally. Wind and loose soils can displace the root system. Therefore, wind and loose soils can slow the establishment of a new tree.
Supporting young trees through staking provides an opportunity for roots to stabilize themselves. Stakes can limit extreme leaning, help keep young trees rooted, and provide additional protection for young trees in windy locations.
In my experience, the greatest challenge to properly supporting young trees comes from assuming that all newly planted trees need staking. Not every tree needs to be staked.
Are all trees suitable for staking?
Not all trees will benefit from being staked. Many types of trees actually grow better without any type of support.
Transplanted trees that are larger than usual or top-heavy may need temporary support. Trees placed in extremely windy areas or those planted in loose or sandy soils may also benefit from being staked during the initial year of establishment.
Smaller trees with a well-balanced canopy typically establish themselves faster when left alone. A slight amount of wobble is not harmful to establishing a healthy root system. In fact, allowing trees to move naturally contributes to developing strength within a tree.
Overstaking a tree can create weak trunks. Young trees that remain stiff for too long may struggle when supports are removed. This is similar to overprotecting a child learning to ride a bike. Eventually, children need to learn to ride on their own.
